Normal dog hip xray3/28/2024 Dogs born in summer have a lower risk of hip dysplasia, presumably because they have more opportunity for exercise outdoors (Ktontveit et al 2012). Puppies raised on slippery surfaces or with access to stairs when they are less than 3 months old have a higher risk of hip dysplasia,while those who are allowed off-lead exercise on soft, uneven ground (such as in a park) have a lower risk ( Krontveit et al 2012). " (Riser 1985)Įxercise strengthens the muscles of the legs and pelvis, and this will increase the stability of the hip joint. A causal relationship between muscles and soft tissue defects or pathologic changes other than lack of muscle mass or strength has not been established. Hip dysplasia is a concentration of factors from a pool of genetic weaknesses and environmental stresses that fall into a programmed pattern of progressive remodeling and degenerative joint disease. This is further supported by the fact that bony dysplasia can be increased, decreased, or prevented by controlling the degree of joint instability and incongruity. No other malformations are associated with the disease. "There is no evidence that a primary defect of bone exists but rather the disease is a failure of the muscles and other soft tissues to hold the hip joint in full congruity. The abnormal forces on the femur and acetabulum that are caused by joint laxity result in the trauma that causes hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis of the hip. These changes were considered the first findings that might be linked to hip dysplasia." "The teres ligaments of the hip joints were edematous, a few ligament fibers were torn, and capillary hemorrhage dotted the surface of the ligaments at the point of the tears. But in some puppies, the ligament shows evidence of damage before they are even a month old (Riser 1985). The teres ligament should hold the head of the femur securely in the socket of the growing puppy while the muscles that will support the hip develop and grow stronger. The top three environmental factors that have been found to play a significant role in the develop of dysplastic hips are: a) joint laxity, b) weight, and c) exercise (see below). There is no reason why we should not be taking active steps to do this now. This would reduce significant pain and suffering as well as the expense and heartache endured by owners of an afflicted dog. Understanding the specific environmental factors that play a role in the development of hip dysplasia should allow us to reduce the number of animals affected by hip dysplasia even if the genetic basis is not yet understood. At the current rate of progress and selecting only by phenotype, it could take decades to achieve a meaningful reduction in the incidence of hip dysplasia (Lewis et al 2013). This is one reason why decades of strong selection has resulted in only modest reductions in hip dysplasia in some breeds. This means that some fraction of the variation in the quality of the hips is the result of non-genetic, or "environmental" influences. Many studies have shown that genetic variation accounts for only a modest fraction of the variation in hip scores, usually 15-40%. One great advantage of using EBVs is that the genes responsible for a trait don't need to be known you need only a pedigree database and information about affected animals.ģ) Environmental factors are also importantĪlthough there is a genetic influence on hip dysplasia, the heritability of the trait is rather low. We should be able to improve genetic progress by using selection strategies that are as efficient and effective as possible such as estimated breeding values, EBVs. It is a complex trait that is influenced by both genes and environment, and there is no simple solution just over the horizon. It's unlikely that researchers are going to discover an easy genetic solution to the problem of hip dysplasia. Genes that could cause hip dysplasia have not been found in any breed. (For example, see studies on the German Shepherd dog (Marschall & Distl 2007, Fells & Distl 2014, and Fels et al 2014), Bernese Mountain Dog (Pfahler & Distl 2012), and Labrador Retriever (Phavaphutanon et al 2008). Genes that are associated with hip dysplasia have been identified in some breeds, but they are breed-specific that is, the assortment of genes is different in every breed. However, scientists have been looking for genes that are responsible for the development of hip dysplasia in dogs for decades without success. Hip dysplasia tends to be more common in some breeds than others and in some lines than others, which indicates that there is a genetic component to the disorder. 2) The genes that cause hip dysplasia remain a mystery
0 Comments
Leave a Reply.AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |